Bayan gabatarwar ilimin asali namarine network igiyoyia cikin fitowar da ta gabata, a yau za mu ci gaba da gabatar da takamaiman tsarin igiyoyin sadarwar ruwa.A taƙaice, igiyoyin sadarwar na al’ada gabaɗaya sun haɗa da madugu, yadudduka masu rufewa, yadudduka na kariya, da kuma kwasfa na waje, yayin da igiyoyin sadarwar sulke ke ƙunshe da madubai, yadudduka na kariya, yadudduka na kariya, kubus na ciki, yadudduka sulke, da sheath na waje.Ana iya ganin cewa igiyoyin sadarwa masu sulke ba wai kawai suna da ƙarin sulke na sulke ba idan aka kwatanta da igiyoyin hanyar sadarwa na al'ada, amma suna da ƙarin Layer na kube na ciki.Na gaba, za mu dauki kowa mataki-mataki don samun zurfin fahimtar igiyoyin sadarwar ruwa.
1. Shugaba
Thekayan na USB na cibiyar sadarwaAna iya raba madugu zuwa tagulla mai kwano, tagulla zalla, waya ta aluminium, aluminium ɗin tagulla, ƙarfe mai sanye da tagulla, da sauran nau'ikan.Dangane da ma'aunin IEC 61156-5-2020, ya kamata a yi amfani da igiyoyi masu ƙarfi na tagulla tare da diamita tsakanin 0.4mm da 0.65mm.A lokaci guda, mutane suna da ƙarin buƙatu masu girma don yawan watsawa da kwanciyar hankali na igiyoyin sadarwa.Masu gudanarwa masu rauni irin su waya ta aluminium, tagulla mai sulke da tagulla, da baƙin ƙarfe a hankali an cire su a kasuwa, tare da tagulla da dalla-dalla da kayan tagulla waɗanda suka mamaye mafi yawan kasuwar.Idan aka kwatanta da tsarkakakkun madugun tagulla, jan ƙarfen da aka yi da ƙarfe yana da mafi tsayayyen sinadarai kuma yana iya tsayayya da lalatar madugu ta hanyar iskar oxygen, sinadarai, da zafi, ta haka ne ke tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali.
An raba tsarin madugu na kebul na cibiyar sadarwa zuwa ƙwaƙƙwaran madugu da madaidaicin madugu.Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, m madugu yana nufin guda jan karfe waya, yayin da stranded madugu ya ƙunshi mahara kananan giciye-seshe na jan karfe wayoyi nannade a karkace siffan, maida hankali.Bambanci mafi mahimmanci tsakanin masu dandali da ƙwararrun madugu shine aikin watsa su.Saboda girman yankin giciye na waya, ƙananan asarar shigarwa.Saboda haka, attenuation na strands conductors ne 20% -50% fiye da na m conductors.Kuma babu makawa akwai tazara tsakanin igiyoyin waya na jan karfe a cikin madugu da aka makala, wanda ke haifar da juriya na DC.A mafi yawan al'amuran, injiniyoyi kan yi amfani da igiyoyin sadarwar madugu.Lokacin cin karo da yanayi na musamman waɗanda ke buƙatar kunkuntar wurare da wayoyi masu sassauƙa, za su yi amfani da ƙarin madaidaicin madugu don biyan buƙatun shigarwa.
Yawancin igiyoyi na cibiyar sadarwa za su yi amfani da ƙayyadaddun bayanai guda biyu na masu gudanarwa: 23AWG (0.57mm) da 24AWG (0.51mm).CAT5E yana amfani da masu gudanarwa na 24AWG, yayin da CAT6, CAT6A, CAT7, da CAT7A suna buƙatar ingantaccen aikin watsawa, don haka za a yi amfani da masu gudanarwa na 23AWG.Tabbas, ƙayyadaddun IEC ba su fayyace ƙayyadaddun waya ba don nau'ikan igiyoyin hanyar sadarwa daban-daban.Muddin tsarin masana'anta yana da kyau kuma aikin watsawa ya cika buƙatun, masu gudanarwa na 24AWG kuma sun dace da CAT6 da sama da kebul na cibiyar sadarwa.
2. Insulation
Ana amfani da rufin rufin kebul na cibiyar sadarwa galibi don hana yaɗuwar sigina yayin watsawa a cikin kebul, ta yadda za a guje wa ɗibar bayanai.Dangane da ma'auni na IEC60092-360 da ƙayyadaddun wayoyi na gida kamar GB/T 50311-2016, ana amfani da kayan polyethylene mai girma (HDPE) ko polyethylene mai kumfa (PE Foam) azaman kayan rufi don igiyoyin sadarwar ruwa.Babban yawa polyethylene yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga high da ƙananan yanayin zafi, ƙaƙƙarfan kaddarorin inji, babban dielectric akai-akai, da damuwa mai kyau na muhalli.Saboda kyawun aikinsa, ana amfani da shi sosai.Polyethylene foamed ya dace da manyan igiyoyin cibiyar sadarwa na watsawa tare da CAT6A da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na sama saboda mafi kyawun abubuwan dielectric.
3. Giciye kwarangwal
Ana amfani da kwarangwal ɗin giciye, wanda kuma aka sani da keel ɗin giciye, don raba nau'i-nau'i huɗu naigiyoyin sadarwata hanyoyi daban-daban guda huɗu, ta haka ne za a rage yawan magana tsakanin ma'aurata;Keel ɗin giciye gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi HDPE tare da diamita na 0.5mm.Rukunin 6 da sama na igiyoyin hanyar sadarwa sun fi kula da siginar "hayaniyar" saboda buƙatar watsa bayanan 1Gps ko fiye.Abubuwan buƙatu mafi girma don ƙarfin hana tsangwama na igiyoyi.Don haka, don Category 6 da sama da kebul na cibiyar sadarwa waɗanda ba sa amfani da garkuwar wayoyi biyu na foil na aluminum, za a yi amfani da keɓewar kwarangwal na wayoyi guda huɗu.
Koyaya, babu amfani da kwarangwal don igiyoyin cibiyar sadarwa na Category 5 da igiyoyin hanyar sadarwa da aka yi garkuwa da nau'ikan foil na aluminum.Saboda watsa bandwidth na Super Five na USB ɗin kanta bai girma ba, tsarin karkatacciyar hanyar kebul ɗin kanta na iya biyan buƙatun hana tsangwama.Saboda haka, babu buƙatar kwarangwal na giciye.Foil na aluminium da ake amfani da shi don garkuwa da kebul na cibiyar sadarwa da kansa zai iya hana tsangwama mai yawa na lantarki.Saboda haka, babu buƙatar amfani da kwarangwal na giciye.Igiyar ƙwanƙwasa tana taka rawa wajen hana kebul ɗin cibiyar sadarwa daga shimfiɗawa kuma yana shafar aikinta.A halin yanzu, manyan masana'antun kebul galibi suna amfani da igiyoyin fiberglass ko nailan azaman igiyoyi masu ƙarfi.
4. Garkuwa
Tsarin garkuwa na kebul na cibiyar sadarwa yana nufin foil aluminum da ragar saƙa, kuma Layer ɗin garkuwa ana amfani da shi ne don garkuwa da tsangwama na lantarki da tabbatar da tsayayyen watsa sigina.Tsarin kariya na kariya guda ɗayakebul na cibiyar sadarwaLayer ɗaya ne kawai na foil na aluminum, tare da kauri wanda bai gaza 0.012mm ba kuma ƙimar abin rufewa ba ƙasa da 20%.Za a lulluɓe wani Layer na fim ɗin filastik PET, wanda aka fi sani da Mylar, tsakanin kebul ɗin da rufin tsare-tsare na aluminium don keɓance kwararar da ke gudana tsakanin kebul da Layer garkuwar ƙarfe da kuma hana wuce kima na halin yanzu daga lalata kebul ɗin.Akwai nau'i biyu na igiyoyi masu kariya biyu na cibiyar sadarwa, ɗayan shine SF/UTP (haɗin kai na waje + aluminum tsare gaba ɗaya), ɗayan kuma shine S/FTP (waya na waje + waya zuwa garkuwar bangon aluminum).Dukansu sun haɗa da foil na aluminum da ragar saƙa, inda aka sanya ragamar da aka yi da waya ta tagulla mai gwangwani da diamita wanda bai wuce 0.5mm ba, kuma ana iya daidaita yawan saƙar bisa ga bukatun muhalli.Gabaɗaya, akwai kayan aikin da aka saba amfani da su kamar 45%, 65%, da 80%.Dangane da ma'aunin ƙira na IEC60092-350 don igiyoyin ruwa na ruwa, wayar da ke ƙasa da ke hulɗa da saman ƙarfe na Layer ɗin kariya yana buƙatar ƙara zuwa kebul na cibiyar sadarwa mai kariya mai Layer guda ɗaya don hana lalacewa ta tsaye, yayin da kebul na cibiyar sadarwa mai kariya sau biyu baya. ana buƙatar ƙarawa kamar yadda Layer ɗin ƙarfe na ƙarfe zai iya sakin wutar lantarki mai tsayi.
5. Makamai
Kebul na cibiyar sadarwa mai sulke yana nufin kebul na cibiyar sadarwa tare da shingen kariya na sulke na ƙarfe.Manufar ƙara sulke na sulke zuwa kebul na cibiyar sadarwa ba wai don haɓaka kariyar injina ne kawai kamar ƙarfin ɗaurewa da ƙarfin matsawa don tsawaita rayuwar sabis ɗin ba, har ma don haɓaka aikin hana tsangwama ta hanyar kariya.Nau'in sulke na igiyoyin hanyar sadarwa na marine galibi sulke ne, wanda aka yi da waya ta galvanized karfe, waya tagulla, waya tagulla da karfe, ko waya gami da jan karfe wanda ya dace da ma'aunin ISO7959-2.A cikin ainihin tsarin samarwa, yawancin sulke na waya an yi su ne da saƙan waya na galvanized karfe (GSWB) da saƙar waya ta jan ƙarfe (TCWB).GSWB abu yana da ƙarfin injiniya mafi girma kuma yana da tsayayya ga yanayin zafi mai zafi, yana sa ya dace da wurare masu girma da buƙatu don ƙarfin kebul;Kayan TCWB yana da sassauci mai ƙarfi, ƙaramin radius na lanƙwasa, amma ƙananan ƙarfi, kuma ya dace da wuraren da manyan buƙatu don taurin USB.
6. Jaket
Kumburi na waje nakebul na cibiyar sadarwaakafi sani da sheath na waje.Ayyukansa shine naɗa nau'ikan igiyoyin sadarwa guda huɗu a cikin sarari, sauƙaƙe wayoyi, da kuma kare nau'ikan wayoyi huɗu a cikin igiyoyin sadarwar.Kube na waje yana buƙatar kamanni zagaye da kamanni, samar da madaidaicin kamanni, da rufe abubuwan da ke ƙasa.Lokacin da zazzage kube na waje, ba zai haifar da lalacewa ga rufin ciki ko garkuwa ba.Dangane da bukatun DNV Classification Society, kauri na waje na kebul na cibiyar sadarwar ruwa Dt=0.04 · Df (diamita na waje na tsarin ciki na sheath) + 0.5mm, kuma mafi ƙarancin kauri shine 0.7mm.Kayan sheath na igiyoyin hanyar sadarwa na marine galibi ƙananan hayaki ne mara amfani da halogen-free harshen wuta retardant polyolefin (LSZH), wanda aka kasu kashi uku: LSZH-SHF1, LSZH-SHF2, da LSZH-SHF2 MUD, kuma ya dace da kewayon kayan da aka ƙayyade a cikin IEC60092 -360.Lokacin da aka ƙone kayan LSZH, yawan hayaƙin yana da ƙasa sosai kuma ba ya ƙunshi halogens (fluorochlorobromine iodine astatine), don haka ba ya samar da iskar gas mai guba.Batun da ya gabata ya gabatar da cewa LSZH-SHF1 shine ya fi kowa kuma ya dace da yawancin mahalli na al'ada na cikin gida, yayin da LSZH-SHF2 da LSZH-SHF2 MUD sun dace da wurare masu tsanani, irin su FPSO da tashar wutar lantarki ta teku.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-09-2023