1. Ihame ryimikorere ya sisitemu yingufu zinkombe
Sisitemu y'amashanyarazibivuga sisitemu icyambu gitanga ingufu mubwato mugihe gisanzwe cyubwato, harimo ibikoresho bitwara ubwato hamwe nibikoresho bishingiye ku nkombe.Hamwe na voltage ya 1KV nkumurongo ugabanya, sisitemu yingufu zo ku nkombe zigabanyijemo amashanyarazi menshi y’amashanyarazi na sisitemu y’amashanyarazi make.Imbaraga zidafite imbaraga nkeya ku nganda zikoresha cyane cyane urwego rwa voltage ya 380V / 50Hz cyangwa 440V / 60Hz, naho ingufu z'umuyaga mwinshi zikoresha ingufu za 6KV / 50Hz cyangwa 6.6KV / 60Hz cyangwa 11KV / 60Hz.Ihame ryakazi rya sisitemu yingufu zo ku nkombe ziroroshye cyane, arizo kohereza amashanyarazi muri sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi ku nkombe (ni ukuvuga igikoresho gishingiye ku nkombe) muri sisitemu yo kwakira amashanyarazi (ni ukuvuga ibikoresho biva mu bwato) binyuze mu gice cy’imikoranire y’ubwato.
Sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi ku butaka ikoreshwa muguhindura amashanyarazi ya gride mumashanyarazi ya voltage hamwe nurwego rwinshuro zisabwa nubwato bwabyaye binyuze muri transformateur, guhinduranya hamwe na transformateur yonyine, hanyuma amaherezo akayageza kumasanduku ahuza.Twabibutsa ko guhinduranya ibikoresho bishingiye ku nkombe nigicuruzwa cyakozwe hashingiwe ku buhanga bwo guhinduranya inshuro zikoreshwa mu mashanyarazi kandi ni ibikoresho by'ibanze muri sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi ku butaka.
Sisitemu yo kwakira ingufu z'ubwato ni igice cya sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza ingufu z'ubwato.Mubisanzwe, amato hamwesisitemu y'amashanyaraziizaba ifite ikimenyetso cya AMPS ku cyemezo cyo gutondekanya.Igizwe ahanini na kabili winch, imashini itwara ubwato hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga amashanyarazi.Sisitemu yo gucunga amashanyarazi igomba kuba ifite imirimo yo kwerekana voltage, polarite cyangwa icyiciro gikurikirana (ibyiciro bitatu AC) gutahura, guhagarika byihutirwa, guhuza umutekano, kwimura imizigo, kurinda imiyoboro ngufi, kurinda ingufu zinyuranye, nibindi.
2.Ibyifuzo byo gukoreshaimbaraga zo ku nkombe
Hariho kandi ibibazo bimwe na bimwe murwego rwo gutwara ingufu zinkombe.Kurugero, umubare wubwato bufite ibikoresho byakira amashanyarazi ni bito, ishoramari ryambere ryicyambu ni ryinshi, igipimo cyinyungu ni gito, ubukungu bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi ku nkombe ntabwo buri hejuru, igipimo cyimbere nticyahujwe, hamwe nigiciro cyo guhindura ubwato ni hejuru.Urebye ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru, inzego zibishinzwe nazo zatanze politiki zijyanye.Kurugero, icyambu, nyirubwato cyangwa uyikoresha bazahabwa inkunga zimwe na zimwe zo guhindura amashanyarazi ku nkombe, kwemeza ibiciro by’amashanyarazi, guhindura amategeko ya tekiniki kugira ngo hasabe ko hashyirwaho byanze bikunze ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi ku nkombe z’ubwoko bumwe na bumwe, no kunonosora ibipimo ngenderwaho.
Mu bihe biri imbere, ingufu za hydrogène, ingufu za hydrogène lisansi ningufu za batiri ya lithium ntabwo bizahinduka imbaraga nyamukuru.Nubwo ingufu za LNG zihinduka imbaraga nyamukuru zo gusunika, ntishobora kugera ku ntego yo kohereza imyuka ya karubone nyuma yo kubyara.Kubwibyo, imbaraga zinkombe nigisubizo gishoboka kugirango ugere kuri zeru zeru mugihe cyo kubyara.Ku mato amwe n'amwe yo mu gihugu no mu gihugu imbere, hari amategeko mashya yavuguruwe ya tekiniki asaba kwishyiriraho ingufu z'inkombe.Ariko, kubera imipaka yo gukora no kwanga inzitizi, amato afite ibikoresho byakira amashanyarazi bizatwara imyaka myinshi yo gukora kubwinshi.Iki nicyo gihe cyo kugabanya inyungu zizaza zikora inganda, kandi nanone ibintu bishya byo kugenzurwa nishami ryamazi.Nyuma yo guteza imbere cyane iyubakwa ry’ibikorwa remezo bitanga amashanyarazi ku nkombe z’icyambu mu myaka yashize, kubaka amashanyarazi ku nkombe byarangiye ahanini.Hamwe nogutezimbere byimazeyo ibikoresho byuma, byemezwa ko icyerekezo cyicyatsi kibisi cyUbushinwa kizagerwaho mumyaka mike.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-28-2022