Gukurikira intangiriro yubumenyi bwibanze bwainsinga z'umuyoboromu nomero ibanziriza iyi, uyumunsi tuzakomeza kumenyekanisha imiterere yihariye yinsinga za marine.Muri make, insinga zisanzwe zisanzwe zigizwe nuyobora, ibice byokwirinda, kurinda ingabo, hamwe nudusanduku two hanze, mugihe insinga zumuyoboro wintwaro zigizwe nuyobora, ibyuma byikingira, ibyuma bikingira, ibyuma byimbere, ibirwanisho byimbere, hamwe nicyuma cyo hanze.Birashobora kugaragara ko insinga zumuyoboro wintwaro zidafite gusa urwego rwinyongera rwintwaro ugereranije ninsinga zisanzwe zurusobe, ariko kandi zifite urwego rwinyongera rwikingira rwimbere.Ibikurikira, tuzafata abantu bose intambwe ku yindi kugirango dusobanukirwe byimbitse insinga za marine.
1. Umuyobozi
Uwitekaibikoresho by'umugoziabayobora barashobora kugabanywamo umuringa usizwe, umuringa usukuye, insinga ya aluminium, umuringa wambaye umuringa, icyuma cyambaye umuringa, nubundi bwoko.Ukurikije igipimo cya IEC 61156-5-2020, hagomba gukoreshwa insinga zumuringa zikomeye zifite umurambararo uri hagati ya 0.4mm na 0,65mm.Muri icyo gihe, abantu barushijeho gukenerwa cyane kugirango igipimo cyogukwirakwiza no guhagarara kwinsinga zurusobe.Abayobora bafite imbaraga nke nk'insinga ya aluminium, aluminiyumu yambaye umuringa, hamwe n'icyuma cyambaye umuringa bagiye buhoro buhoro ku isoko, hamwe n'umuringa wacuzwe hamwe n'ibikoresho by'umuringa byambaye ubusa bifata igice kinini cy'isoko.Ugereranije n’umuringa usukuye, umuringa usizwe ufite imiti ihamye kandi irashobora kurwanya kwangirika kwabayobora hakoreshejwe okiside, imiti, nubushuhe, bityo bikomeza umutekano muke.
Imiyoboro ya kabili y'urusobekerane igabanijwemo imiyoboro ihamye hamwe nuyobora.Nkuko izina ribigaragaza, umuyobozi ukomeye yerekeza ku nsinga imwe y'umuringa, mugihe umuyoboro uhagaze ugizwe ninsinga ntoya zambukiranya imirongo y'umuringa zizingiye mu buryo bwa spiral, yibanze.Itandukaniro rinini cyane hagati yabatwara bahagaze hamwe nuyobora bikomeye ni imikorere yabo.Bitewe nubunini bunini bwambukiranya igice cyurugero, igabanuka ryinjiza.Kubwibyo, kwiyongera kwabayobora bahagaze ni 20% -50% kurenza iy'abayobora bikomeye.Kandi byanze bikunze hariho icyuho kiri hagati yumurongo winsinga zumuringa mumashanyarazi ihagaze, bikavamo imbaraga za DC nyinshi.Mubintu byinshi, injeniyeri bakunda gukoresha insinga zikomeye zumuyoboro.Mugihe uhuye nibihe bidasanzwe bisaba umwanya muto hamwe nu nsinga zoroshye, bazakoresha imiyoboro ihindagurika kugirango ihuze ibisabwa.
Imiyoboro myinshi y'urusobe izakoresha ibintu bibiri byerekana abayobora: 23AWG (0.57mm) na 24AWG (0.51mm).CAT5E ikoresha imiyoboro ya 24AWG, mugihe CAT6, CAT6A, CAT7, na CAT7A bisaba imikorere myiza yo kohereza, bityo hazakoreshwa 23AWG.Birumvikana, ibisobanuro bya IEC ntibisobanura neza insinga zubwoko butandukanye bwinsinga.Igihe cyose inzira yo gukora ari nziza kandi imikorere yo kohereza yujuje ibisabwa, abayobora 24AWG nabo babereye CAT6 no hejuru yinsinga zurusobe.
2. Kwikingira
Igice cyo kubika insinga y'urusobe gikoreshwa cyane cyane mukurinda kumeneka kw'ibimenyetso mugihe cyoherejwe muri kabili, bityo bikirinda kumeneka amakuru.Ukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho bya IEC60092-360 hamwe n’insinga zo mu ngo nka GB / T 50311-2016, ibikoresho byinshi bya polyethylene (HDPE) cyangwa polyethylene yuzuye ifuro (PE Foam) muri rusange bikoreshwa nkibikoresho byo kubika insinga z’umuyoboro w’amazi.Umuvuduko mwinshi wa polyethylene ufite imbaraga zo guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru nubushyuhe buke, imiterere yubukanishi bukomeye, guhora dielectric ihoraho, hamwe nibidukikije byiza.Bitewe nibikorwa byayo byiza, irakoreshwa cyane.Polyethylene ifuro ikwiranye numuyoboro mwinshi wogukwirakwiza insinga hamwe na CAT6A no hejuru yabyo bitewe nuburyo bwiza bwa dielectric.
3. Igikanka
Igikanka cy'umusaraba, kizwi kandi nk'umusaraba wa keel, gikoreshwa mu gutandukanya ibice bine byainsinga z'umuyoboromu byerekezo bine bitandukanye, bityo kugabanya inzira nyabagendwa;Ubusanzwe umusaraba ugizwe na HDPE ufite diameter ya 0.5mm.Icyiciro cya 6 no hejuru yinsinga zurusobe zumva cyane "urusaku" kubera gukenera kohereza amakuru ya 1Gps cyangwa arenga.Ibisabwa hejuru kubushobozi bwo kurwanya kwivanga kwinsinga.Kubwibyo, kurwego rwa 6 no hejuru yinsinga zurusobe zidakoresha aluminium foil wire ikingira ikingira, hazakoreshwa skeleton yambukiranya ibice bine byinsinga.
Ariko, ntagukoresha skeleton yambukiranya kumurongo wa 5 insinga zumuyoboro hamwe ninsinga zumuyoboro ukingiwe na aluminium foil.Kuberako umuyoboro mugari wa kabili ya super Five ubwayo ntabwo ari nini, imiterere ihindagurika ya kabili ubwayo irashobora kuzuza ibisabwa byo kurwanya interineti.Kubwibyo, ntabwo hakenewe skeleti y'umusaraba.Ifumbire ya aluminiyumu ikoreshwa mu gukingira insinga y'urusobe ubwayo irashobora gukumira amashanyarazi menshi ya interineti.Kubwibyo, nta mpamvu yo gukoresha umusaraba.Umugozi ucuramye ugira uruhare mukurinda umugozi wurusobe kurambura no kugira ingaruka kumikorere.Kugeza ubu, abakora insinga nini cyane bakoresha fiberglass cyangwa umugozi wa nylon nkumugozi ucuramye.
4. Ingabo
Igice cyo gukingira umuyoboro wa neti bivuga aluminiyumu ya fayili na meshi ikozwe, kandi igikoresho cyo gukingira gikoreshwa cyane cyane mukurinda imiyoboro ya elegitoroniki no kwemeza kohereza ibimenyetso bihamye.Igice cyo gukingira igice kimwe gikingiweumuyoboroni igipande kimwe gusa cya aluminiyumu, hamwe nubunini buri munsi ya 0.012mm hamwe nigipimo cyo gufunga kiri munsi ya 20%.Igice cya firime ya PET ya plastike, izwi cyane nka Mylar, izapfunyika hagati ya kabili na aluminium foil imwe ikingira ikingira kugirango itandukanya urujya n'uruza hagati yumugozi nicyuma gikingira ibyuma kandi birinde umuyaga mwinshi kwangiza umugozi.Hariho uburyo bubiri bwinsinga zibiri zikingiwe, imwe ni SF / UTP (gukata hanze + aluminium foil ikingira muri rusange), naho ubundi ni S / FTP (gukata hanze + insinga kuri aluminium foil igice cyo gukingira).Byombi bigizwe na feza ya aluminium na meshi, aho inshundura ziboheye zikozwe mu nsinga z'umuringa zometseho umurambararo wa diametero zitari munsi ya 0.5mm, kandi ubudodo bwo kuboha burashobora gutegurwa hakurikijwe ibidukikije.Mubisanzwe, hari ibikoresho byinshi bikoreshwa cyane nka 45%, 65%, na 80%.Dukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho bya IEC60092-350 ku nsinga zo mu nyanja, insinga yo hasi ihura n’icyuma cy’urwego rukingira ikeneye kongerwaho umugozi umwe rukingira umuyoboro urinzwe kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika, mu gihe insinga ebyiri zikingiwe ntizikora bigomba kongerwaho nkuko icyuma gipfundikanya gishobora kurekura amashanyarazi ahamye.
5. Intwaro
Umugozi wumuyoboro wintwaro bivuga umugozi numuyoboro wibyuma birinda ibikoresho.Intego yo kongeramo ibirwanisho kumurongo wa neti ntabwo ari ukongera gusa kurinda imashini nkimbaraga zingutu nimbaraga zo kwikomeretsa kugirango ubuzima bwa serivisi bube, ariko kandi tunatezimbere imikorere yo kurwanya kwivanga binyuze mukurinda gukingira.Ubwoko bwintwaro zinsinga zumuyoboro winyanja cyane cyane intwaro ziboheye, zikozwe mubyuma bya galvanis, insinga z'umuringa, icyuma gikozwe mu muringa, cyangwa insinga z'umuringa zujuje ubuziranenge ISO7959-2.Mubikorwa nyabyo byakozwe, igice kinini cyintwaro zinsinga zikozwe mubyuma byuma (GSWB) no kuboha insinga z'umuringa (TCWB).Ibikoresho bya GSWB bifite imbaraga zo gukanika kandi birwanya ubukonje bwinshi, bigatuma bibera ahantu hasabwa ingufu nyinshi za kabili;Ibikoresho bya TCWB bifite imbaraga zihindagurika, radiyo ntoya igoramye, ariko imbaraga zo hasi, kandi irakwiriye ahantu hasabwa cyane kugirango insinga zikomeye.
6. Ikoti
Urupapuro rwo hanze rwaumuyoboroni bisanzwe bizwi nkicyatsi cyo hanze.Igikorwa cyayo ni ugupfunyika ibice bine byinsinga zumurongo mumwanya, koroshya insinga, no kurinda ibice bine byinsinga mumigozi y'urusobe.Urupapuro rwinyuma rusaba uruziga kandi rusa, rukora kimwe, kandi rugapfundikira ibice hepfo.Iyo ukuyemo icyuma cyo hanze, ntabwo bizatera kwangirika kwimbere cyangwa gukingira.Ukurikije ibisabwa na Sosiyete DNV Itondekanya, ubunini bwurupapuro rwinyuma rwumuyoboro winyanja ya marine Dt = 0.04 · Df (diameter yo hanze yimiterere yimbere yicyatsi) + 0.5mm, naho umubyimba muto ni 0.7mm.Ibikoresho by'insinga z'insinga zo mu nyanja ahanini ni umwotsi muke wa halogene utagira flame retardant polyolefin (LSZH), ishyizwe mu byiciro bitatu: LSZH-SHF1, LSZH-SHF2, na LSZH-SHF2 MUD, kandi ihura n'ibikoresho byavuzwe muri IEC60092 -360.Iyo ibikoresho bya LSZH bitwitswe, ubwinshi bwumwotsi buba buke cyane kandi ntabwo burimo halogene (fluorochlorobromine iyode astatine), ntabwo rero itanga imyuka myinshi yubumara.Ikibazo cyabanjirije iki cyerekanye ko LSZH-SHF1 ari yo ikunze kugaragara kandi ikwiranye n’ibidukikije bisanzwe mu ngo, mu gihe LSZH-SHF2 na LSZH-SHF2 MUD ibereye ibidukikije bikabije, nka FPSO n’amashanyarazi yo hanze.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-09-2023