Emva kokwaziswa kolwazi olusisiseko lweiintambo zenethiwekhi zaselwandleKushicilelo lwangaphambili, namhlanje siza kuqhubeka nokwazisa ubume obukhethekileyo beentambo zothungelwano lwaselwandle.Ngamafutshane, iintambo zothungelwano eziqhelekileyo ngokubanzi zenziwe ngee-conductor, iileya zokugquma, iileya ezikhuselayo, kunye neeshethi zangaphandle, ngelixa iintambo zothungelwano ezixhobileyo zenziwe ngee-conductor, iileya zokugquma, iileya ezikhuselayo, iileyile zangaphakathi, iileya zesikrweqe, kunye neeshethi zangaphandle.Inokubonwa ukuba iintambo zothungelwano oluxhobileyo azinayo nje umaleko owongezelelweyo wesikrweqe xa kuthelekiswa neentambo eziqhelekileyo zothungelwano, kodwa zikwanalo noluhlu olongezelelweyo lwesingxobo sangaphakathi esikhuselayo.Okulandelayo, siya kuthatha wonke umntu inyathelo ngenyathelo ukufumana ukuqonda okunzulu kweentambo zenethiwekhi zaselwandle.
1. Umqhubi
Iizixhobo zentambo yenethiwekhiii-conductors zinokwahlulwa zibe yikopolo etotiweyo, ikopolo esulungekileyo, ucingo lwe-aluminiyam, i-aluminiyam ehonjisiweyo yobhedu, intsimbi enentsimbi yobhedu, kunye nezinye iindidi.Ngokomgangatho we-IEC 61156-5-2020, ii-conductor zethusi eziqinileyo ezine-diameter phakathi kwe-0.4mm kunye ne-0.65mm kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwiintambo zenethiwekhi.Kwangaxeshanye, abantu baneemfuno ezithe kratya zesantya sothumelo kunye nokuzinza kweentambo zenethiwekhi.Ii-conductor ezine-conductivity ebuthathaka ezinje ngocingo lwe-aluminiyam, i-aluminiyam yobhedu, kunye nentsimbi yobhedu, ziye zakhutshwa ngokuthe ngcembe emarikeni, ngobhedu olutotiweyo kunye nezixhobo zobhedu ezingenanto ezithatha uninzi lwentengiso.Xa kuthelekiswa nabaqhubi bobhedu obucocekileyo, ubhedu olufakwe kwitoti luneempawu zeekhemikhali ezizinzile kwaye luyakwazi ukuxhathisa ukubola kwabaqhubi nge-oxidation, iikhemikhali, kunye nomswakama, ngaloo ndlela igcina uzinzo lwesiphaluka.
Isakhiwo somqhubi wentambo yenethiwekhi yahlulwe ibe yi-conductor eqinileyo kunye ne-stranded conductor.Njengoko igama libonisa, i-conductor eyomeleleyo ibhekiselele kucingo olunye lobhedu, ngelixa i-conductor ebotshiweyo yenziwe ngeengcingo zobhedu ezincinci ezinqamlezileyo ezisongelwe ngendlela ejikelezayo, ephakathi.Owona mahluko ubalulekileyo phakathi kwabaqhubi abaxineneyo kunye nabaqhubi abaqinileyo kukusebenza kwabo kothumelo.Ngenxa yobuninzi bendawo enqamlezileyo yocingo, ilahleko yokufaka iphantsi.Ngoko ke, ukuthotywa kwee-conductors ezixinyiweyo yi-20% -50% enkulu kunokokubakha abaqinileyo.Kwaye kukho izikhewu ngokungenakuthintelwa phakathi kwemicu yocingo lobhedu kwi-conductor exineneyo, okukhokelela ekuxhathiseni okuphezulu kwe-DC.Kwiimeko ezininzi, iinjineli zidla ngokusebenzisa iintambo zonxibelelwano eziqinileyo zenethiwekhi.Xa udibana neemeko ezikhethekileyo ezifuna izithuba ezimxinwa kunye neengcingo eziguquguqukayo, ziya kusebenzisa ii-conductor eziguquguqukayo ezixineneyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokufakela.
Uninzi lweentambo zenethiwekhi ziya kusebenzisa iinkcazo ezimbini zabaqhubi: 23AWG (0.57mm) kunye ne-24AWG (0.51mm).I-CAT5E isebenzisa ii-conductors ze-24AWG, ngelixa i-CAT6, i-CAT6A, i-CAT7, kunye ne-CAT7A zifuna ukusebenza okungcono kokuhanjiswa, ngoko ke abaqhubi be-23AWG baya kusetyenziswa.Ngokuqinisekileyo, iinkcukacha ze-IEC azihluli ngokucacileyo iinkcukacha zocingo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentambo zenethiwekhi.Ngethuba nje inkqubo yokuvelisa igqwesileyo kwaye intsebenzo yokuhanjiswa ihlangabezana neemfuno, ii-conductor ze-24AWG nazo zifanelekile kwi-CAT6 nangaphezulu kweentambo zenethiwekhi.
2. I-Insulation
I-insulation layer ye-network cable isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukukhusela ukuvuza kweempawu ngexesha lokuhanjiswa kwentambo, ngaloo ndlela kugwenywa ukuvuza kwedatha.Ngokwemigangatho ye-IEC60092-360 kunye neenkcukacha zocingo zasekhaya ezifana ne-GB/T 50311-2016, i-polyethylene ephezulu (i-HDPE) okanye i-polyethylene enegwebu (PE Foam) isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengezinto zokugquma kwiintambo zenethiwekhi yolwandle.I-polyethylene yoxinaniso oluphezulu inokumelana okuncomekayo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu naphantsi, iipropathi ezinamandla zoomatshini, i-dielectric rhoqo, kunye noxinzelelo oluhle lokusingqongileyo.Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi.I-polyethylene enegwebu ifanelekile kwiintambo zothungelwano eziphezulu zenethiwekhi kunye ne-CAT6A kunye neenkcukacha ezingaphezulu ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezingcono ze-dielectric.
3. Amathambo anqamlezayo
I-cross skeleton, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-cross keel, isetyenziselwa ukwahlula izibini ezine zeiintambo zenethiwekhikumacala amane ahlukeneyo, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe unxibelelwano phakathi kwezibini;I-cross keel ngokubanzi yenziwe nge-HDPE kunye nobubanzi be-0.5mm.Udidi lwe-6 nangaphezulu kweentambo zenethiwekhi zivakalelwa ngakumbi kwi-signal "ingxolo" ngenxa yesidingo sokudlulisa idatha ye-1Gps okanye ngaphezulu.Iimfuno eziphezulu zokuthintela ukuphazanyiswa kweentambo.Ke ngoko, kwiCandelo lesi-6 nangaphezulu iintambo zenethiwekhi ezingasebenzisi i-aluminium foil wire pair shielding, i-cross skeleton isolation yeeperi ezine zeengcingo ziya kusetyenziswa.
Nangona kunjalo, akukho kusetyenziswa kwe-cross skeleton yeCandelo 5 iintambo zothungelwano kunye neentambo zenethiwekhi ezikhuselwe ngeeperi ze-aluminium foil.Ngenxa yokuba i-bandwidth yokuhanjiswa kwe-Super Five network cable ngokwayo ayinkulu, i-twisted pair structure ye-cable ngokwayo inokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezichasene nokuphazamiseka.Ke ngoko, akukho mfuneko yamathambo omnqamlezo.Ifoyile ye-aluminiyam esetyenziselwa ukukhusela intambo yenethiwekhi ngokwayo inokuthintela uphazamiseko lwe-electromagnetic high-frequency.Ngoko ke, akukho mfuneko yokusebenzisa i-cross skeleton.Intambo yokuqina idlala indima ekuthinteleni intambo yenethiwekhi ekubeni yolulwe kwaye ichaphazele ukusebenza kwayo.Okwangoku, abavelisi abakhulu beentambo basebenzisa i-fiberglass okanye iintambo zenayiloni njengeentambo eziqinileyo.
4. Ikhaka
Umaleko okhuselayo wentambo yenethiwekhi ubhekisa kwifoyile yealuminiyam kunye nemesh elukiweyo, kwaye umaleko okhuselayo usetyenziselwa ukukhusela ukuphazamiseka kombane kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa komqondiso okuzinzileyo.Umaleko okhuselayo wekhaka elinyeintambo yenethiwekhingumaleko omnye kuphela wefoyile yealuminiyam, enobunzima obungekho ngaphantsi kwe-0.012mm kunye nesantya sokusongelana esingekho ngaphantsi kwe-20%.Uluhlu lwefilimu yeplastiki ye-PET, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Mylar, iya kugqunywa phakathi kwentambo kunye ne-aluminium foil enye yokukhusela i-shielding layer ukuze ihlukanise ukuhamba kwangoku phakathi kwentambo kunye ne-metal shielding layer kunye nokukhusela ngoku ngokugqithisileyo ekonakalisa intambo.Kukho iindlela ezimbini zeentambo zothungelwano ezikhuselwe kabini, enye yi-SF/UTP (i-braiding yangaphandle+i-aluminiyam yefoyile ekhuselayo iyonke), kwaye enye yi-S/FTP (elukiweyo lwangaphandle+locingo ukuya kwifoyile ye-aluminiyam ekhusela inxalenye).Zombini zenziwe ngefoyile ye-aluminiyam kunye nomnatha olukiweyo, apho umnatha olukiweyo wenziwe ngocingo olunkonkxiweyo olunobhedu olunobubanzi obungekho ngaphantsi kwe-0.5mm, kwaye ukuxinana kokuluka kunokwenziwa ngokweemfuno zokusingqongileyo.Ngokubanzi, kukho izixhobo ezininzi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ezifana ne-45%, 65%, kunye ne-80%.Ngokomgangatho wokuyilwa kwe-IEC60092-350 yeentambo zaselwandle, ucingo lokumisa oludityaniswe nomhlaba wesinyithi womgangatho okhuselayo kufuneka longezwe kwintambo yothungelwano ekhuselweyo kwindawo enye ukunqanda umonakalo omileyo, ngelixa intambo yenethiwekhi ekhuselwe kabini ingenawo. kufuneka yongezwe njengoko umaleko we-braid wesinyithi unokukhulula umbane omileyo.
5. Isikrweqe
Intambo yothungelwano oluxhobileyo ibhekiselele kwintambo yothungelwano enomgangatho wokhuselo lwesixhobo sentsimbi.Injongo yokongeza umaleko wesikrweqe kwintambo yothungelwano ayikokuphucula kuphela ukhuseleko lomatshini njengamandla okuqina kunye namandla acinezelayo ukwandisa ubomi bayo benkonzo, kodwa nokuphucula ukusebenza kokuchasana nokuphazamiseka ngokhuseleko lokhuselo.Uhlobo lwesikrweqe seentambo zothungelwano lwaselwandle ubukhulu becala sisikrweqe esilukiweyo, esenziwe ngocingo lwentsimbi, ucingo lobhedu, ucingo lwentsimbi olufakwe ngentsimbi, okanye ucingo lwealloy yobhedu oludibana nomgangatho we-ISO7959-2.Kweyona nkqubo yemveliso, uninzi lwezikrweqe zocingo zenziwe ngentsimbi ekhandisiweyo yokulukwa kocingo (GSWB) kunye nokulukwa kocingo lobhedu (TCWB).Izinto ze-GSWB zinamandla omatshini aphezulu kwaye zixhathisa ngakumbi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ziyenza ilungele iindawo ezineemfuno eziphezulu zokuqina kwentambo;Izinto ze-TCWB zinokuguquguquka okunamandla, irediyasi yokugoba encinci, kodwa amandla aphantsi, kwaye ifanelekile kwiindawo ezineemfuno eziphezulu zokuqina kwentambo.
6. Ibhatyi
Isingxobo sangaphandle seintambo yenethiwekhiiqhele ukubizwa ngokuba sisingxobo sangaphandle.Umsebenzi wayo kukusonga izibini ezine zeentambo zothungelwano kwisithuba, ukwenza lula iingcingo, nokukhusela izibini ezine zeengcingo kwiintambo zothungelwano.I-sheath yangaphandle ifuna inkangeleko engqukuva kunye nefanayo, yenze i-homogeneous epheleleyo, kwaye igubungela amacandelo angezantsi.Xa ukhupha i-sheath yangaphandle, ayiyi kubangela umonakalo kwi-insulation yangaphakathi okanye ukukhusela.Ngokweemfuno ze-DNV Classification Society, ubukhulu be-sheath yangaphandle yentambo yothungelwano lwaselwandle Dt = 0.04 · Df (i-diameter yangaphandle yesakhiwo sangaphakathi se-sheath) + 0.5mm, kunye nobukhulu obuncinane yi-0.7mm.Isixhobo se-sheath sentambo zothungelwano lwaselwandle ikakhulu ngumsi ophantsi we-halogen-free flame retardant polyolefin (LSZH), ehlelwa ngokweendidi ezintathu: LSZH-SHF1, LSZH-SHF2, kunye ne-LSZH-SHF2 MUD, kwaye idibana noluhlu lwezinto ezichazwe kwi-IEC60092 -360.Xa izinto ze-LSZH zitshiswa, ukuxinwa komsi kuphantsi kakhulu kwaye akuqukethe i-halogens (i-fluorochlorobromine iodine astatine), ngoko ayivelisi inani elikhulu leegesi ezinobuthi.Umba wangaphambili waziswa ukuba i-LSZH-SHF1 yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo kwaye ifanelekile kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zangaphakathi zangaphakathi, ngelixa i-LSZH-SHF2 kunye ne-LSZH-SHF2 MUD zifanelekile kwiimeko ezinzima, ezifana ne-FPSO kunye nezityalo zamandla zangaphandle.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-09-2023