Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo komnotho kazwelonke nesayensi nobuchwepheshe, amagesi asetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nemboni yamakhemikhali, i-metallurgy, i-aerospace kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.Njengengxenye ebalulekile yemboni yegesi, idlala indima ekumiseni nasekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi yokukhiqizwa kwezimboni.Igesi ejwayelekile (ebuye ibizwe ngokuthi igesi yokulinganisa) iyindinganiso yegesi, okuyizinga lokulinganisa elifana kakhulu, elizinzile nelinembile.Enqubweni yokuqapha imvelo, igesi evamile ingasetshenziswa ukulinganisa ithuluzi lokuhlola futhi ihlole phakathi nohlelo lokulawula ikhwalithi.Ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwegesi evamile kunikeza isiqinisekiso esibalulekile sobuchwepheshe sokunemba nokuthembeka kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa.
1 Isimo somsebenzi wokuqapha imvelo
1.1 Izinto zokuqapha
1) Umthombo wokungcola.
2) Izimo zemvelo:
Izimo zemvelo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa lezi zici ezilandelayo: umzimba wamanzi;umkhathi;umsindo;inhlabathi;izitshalo;imikhiqizo yasemanzini;imikhiqizo yemfuyo;izinto ezinemisebe;amagagasi kagesi;ukwehla komhlaba;ukufakwa kukasawoti emhlabathini kanye nogwadule;izimila zehlathi;izindawo zokulondoloza imvelo.
1.2 Ukuqapha okuqukethwe
Okuqukethwe kokuqapha kwemvelo kuncike enjongweni yokuqapha.Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe kokuqapha okukhethekile kufanele kunqunywe ngokuya ngezinto ezaziwayo noma ezilindelekile zokungcola esifundeni, ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi zemvelo ezigadiwe, kanye nezidingo zamazinga emvelo.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze kuhlolwe imiphumela yokulinganisa futhi kulinganiswe isimo sokusabalala kokungcola, imingcele ethile yesimo sezulu noma imingcele ye-hydrological nayo kufanele ikalwe.
1) Okuqukethwe kokuqapha komkhathi;
2) Okuqukethwe kokuqapha izinga lamanzi;
3) Okuqukethwe kokuqapha kwe-substrate;
4) Okuqukethwe kokuqapha kwenhlabathi nezitshalo;
5) Okuqukethwe okufanele kuqashelwe njengoba kushiwo yiHhovisi Lokuvikela Imvelo loMkhandlu Wombuso.
1.3 Inhloso yokuqapha
Ukuqapha imvelo kuyisisekelo sokuphathwa kwemvelo kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi yezemvelo, futhi kuyisisekelo esibalulekile sokwenza imithethonqubo yokuvikela imvelo.Izinjongo eziyinhloko zokuqapha imvelo yilezi:
1) Hlola ikhwalithi yezemvelo futhi ubikezele ukuthambekela okuguqukayo kwekhwalithi yemvelo;
2) Ukuhlinzeka ngesisekelo sesayensi sokwakhiwa kwemithethonqubo yezemvelo, amazinga, ukuhlelwa kwemvelo, kanye nezinyathelo eziphelele zokuvimbela nokulawula ukungcoliswa kwemvelo;
3) Ukuqoqa inani lesizinda sendawo ezungezile kanye nedatha yayo eshintshayo, iqongelela idatha yokuqapha yesikhathi eside, futhi inikeze isisekelo sesayensi sokuvikela impilo yabantu nokusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwemithombo yemvelo, kanye nokubamba ngokunembile amandla emvelo;
4) Veza izinkinga ezintsha zemvelo, thola izici ezintsha zokungcola, futhi unikeze izikhombisi-ndlela zocwaningo lwesayensi yezemvelo.
2 Ukusetshenziswa kwamagesi ajwayelekile ekuqaphelweni kwemvelo
Ekuqashweni kwegesi engcolile yomthombo wokungcola, izindinganiso zendlela yokuhlola yezinto ezingcolisa igesi ezifana ne-sulphur dioxide nama-nitrogen oxide abeka phambili izidingo ezicacile neziqondile zokulinganiswa kwethuluzi, futhi okuqukethwe okufanelekile kufaka phakathi iphutha lenkomba, ukuchezuka kwesistimu, i-zero drift, kanye ne-span drift.Indlela yakamuva ye-sulphur dioxide standard nayo idinga ukuhlolwa kokuphazanyiswa kwe-carbon monoxide.Ukwengeza, ukuhlola kukazwelonke kwaminyaka yonke kanye nokuhlola kwesifundazwe kufanele kutholwe igesi ejwayelekile yasebhodleleni ngeposi, okubeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme zokusebenzisa igesi evamile.Ekulinganisweni okuvamile, indlela yesilinda isetshenziselwa ukungenisa ngokuqondile i-analyzer ku-analyzer ukuze kutholwe imiphumela yokulinganisa, ukuhlaziya izimbangela zephutha lenkomba, nokuhlunga izici ezingezinhle ezibangela ukuphambuka emiphumeleni yokulinganisa, engathuthukisa ukwethembeka. kanye nokunemba kwedatha yokuqapha, kanye nokwenza ngcono nakakhulu Kuhle ukunikeza idatha ephumelelayo kanye nokwesekwa kobuchwepheshe eminyangweni yokuqondisa imvelo.Izinto ezithinta iphutha lenkomba zihlanganisa ukucinana komoya, impahla yamapayipi, into evamile yegesi, izinga lokugeleza kwegesi namapharamitha wamasilinda, njll. Izici eziyisithupha ezilandelayo kuxoxiwe ngazo futhi zihlaziywe ngayinye ngayinye.
2.1 Ukuhlolwa kokuqina komoya
Ngaphambi kokulinganisa imishini yokuqapha ngegesi evamile, ukuqina komoya kwendlela yegesi kufanele kuhlolwe kuqala.Ukuqina kwe-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi nokuvuza komugqa womjovo yizizathu eziyinhloko zokuvuza komugqa womjovo, okunomthelela omkhulu ekunembeni kwedatha yesampula evamile yegesi, ikakhulukazi emiphumeleni yamanani ephansi- igesi ejwayelekile yokuhlushwa.Ngakho-ke, ukuqina komoya kwepayipi lesampula kufanele kubhekwe ngokuqinile ngaphambi kokulinganiswa kwegesi evamile.Indlela yokuhlola ilula kakhulu.Ngomshini wokuhlola igesi ephuma ku-flue, xhuma i-flue gas inlet yethuluzi kanye nokuphuma kwe-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi ngomugqa wesampula.Ngaphandle kokuvula i-valve yesilinda segesi evamile, uma ukugeleza kwesampula kwethuluzi kubonisa inani Ukwehla phakathi kwe-2min kubonisa ukuthi ukucinana komoya kuyafaneleka.
2.2 Ukukhetha okunengqondo kwepayipi lokusampula kwegesi
Ngemuva kokudlulisa ukuhlolwa kokuqina komoya, udinga ukunaka ukukhethwa kwepayipi lesampula legesi.Njengamanje, umkhiqizi wezinsimbi ukhethe amapayipi athile okungenisa umoya phakathi nenqubo yokusabalalisa, futhi izinto ezisetshenziswayo zihlanganisa amashubhu e-latex namashubhu asilicone.Ngenxa yokuthi amashubhu e-latex awamelani ne-oxidation, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokugqwala, amashubhu e-silicone asetshenziswa ngokuyisisekelo okwamanje.Izici ze-silicone tube ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nokuphansi, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo okuluhlaza okungu-100%, njll., futhi kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa.Kodwa-ke, amashubhu enjoloba nawo anemikhawulo yawo, ikakhulukazi kumagesi amaningi aphilayo kanye namagesi anesibabule, futhi ukungena kwawo kunamandla kakhulu, ngakho akufanelekile ukusebenzisa zonke izinhlobo zamashubhu enjoloba njengamapayipi okusampula., okuzodala ukuchema okukhulu emiphumeleni yedatha.Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izinto ezahlukene ezifana namashubhu ethusi, amashubhu ensimbi engagqwali, namashubhu e-PTFE ngokuya ngezakhiwo ezahlukene zegesi.Kugesi ojwayelekile kanye nesampula yegesi equkethe isulfure, kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa amashubhu ensimbi engagqwali ane-quartz noma amashubhu ensimbi engagqwali e-sulfur-passivated.
2.3 Ikhwalithi yegesi ejwayelekile
Njengengxenye ebalulekile yokulandelelwa kwenani lenani, ikhwalithi yegesi evamile ihlobene nokunemba kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa neyokulinganisa.Ukungahlanzeki kwegesi yezinto ezingavuthiwe ezimsulwa kuyisizathu esibalulekile sokuthi izinga legesi elijwayelekile lehle, futhi liyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokungaqiniseki kokuhlanganiswa kwegesi okujwayelekile.Ngakho-ke, ekuthengeni okujwayelekile, kuyadingeka ukukhetha lawo mayunithi anethonya elithile kanye neziqu embonini futhi anamandla aqinile, futhi athole amagesi ajwayelekile agunyazwe umnyango kazwelonke we-metrology futhi anezitifiketi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, igesi evamile kufanele inake izinga lokushisa lemvelo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, futhi izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesilinda kufanele lihlangabezane nezidingo ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
2.4 Umthelela wesilinganiso sokugeleza kwegesi ejwayelekile kunkomba yokulinganiswa kwezinsimbi
Ngokwefomula yokubala yenani elilindelekile lokugxiliswa kwegesi yokulinganisa: Ukulinganisa C = C ukulinganisa okujwayelekile × F okujwayelekile / F, kungase kubonakale ukuthi uma izinga lokugeleza lensimbi yokuhlola igesi eshaywayo lilungisiwe, inani lokugxilisa ingqondo okuhlobene nokugeleza kwegesi yokulinganisa.Uma izinga lokugeleza kwegesi yesilinda likhulu kunezinga lokugeleza elimuncwa iphampu yensimbi, inani lokulinganisa lizoba phezulu, ngokuphambene, lapho izinga lokugeleza kwegesi yesilinda lingaphansi kwezinga lokugeleza elimuncwa ithuluzi. futha, inani lokulinganisa lizoba phansi.Ngakho-ke, lapho ulinganisa ithuluzi ngegesi evamile yesilinda, qinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokugeleza le-rotameter elungisekayo lihambisana nezinga lokugeleza kwesihloli segesi ephehlwayo, esingathuthukisa ukunemba kokulinganisa insimbi.
2.5 Ukulinganisa amaphuzu amaningi
Lapho ubamba iqhaza ekuhlolweni kwesampula yegesi eyimpumputhe kuzwelonke noma ukuhlolwa kwesifundazwe, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka nokunemba kwedatha yokuhlola ye-flue gas analyzer, ukulinganisa kwamaphuzu amaningi kungamukelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana kwe-flue gas analyzer.Ukulinganisa amaphuzu amaningi ukubona inani lenkomba lethuluzi lokuhlaziya elinamagesi ajwayelekile amaningi okugxilisa ingqondo okwaziwayo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ijika lethuluzi lifinyelela ukulingana okungcono kakhulu.Manje ngokushintshwa kwamazinga endlela yokuhlola, kunezidingo ezikhulayo zebanga legesi elijwayelekile.Ukuze uthole izinhlobonhlobo zamagesi ajwayelekile wokugxila okuhlukile, ungathenga ibhodlela legesi elijwayelekile elinokugxila okuphezulu, bese ulisabalalisa kugesi ngamunye odingekayo ojwayelekile ngomsabalalisi wegesi ojwayelekile.igesi yokulinganisa ukuhlushwa.
2.6 Ukuphathwa kwamasilinda egesi
Ukuphathwa kwamasilinda egesi, izici ezintathu zidinga ukunakwa.Okokuqala, ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa isilinda segesi, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukucindezela okuthile okusalayo, igesi ekusilinda akufanele isetshenziswe, futhi ukucindezela okusele kwegesi elicindezelwe kufanele kube kukhulu noma kulingane no-0.05 I-MPa.Uma kucatshangelwa umsebenzi wokulinganisa nokuqinisekisa wegesi evamile, ehlobene nokunemba komsebenzi wangempela, kunconywa ukuthi ukucindezela okusalayo kwesilinda segesi ngokuvamile cishe ku-0.2MPa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasilinda egesi ajwayelekile kufanele ahlolwe njalo ukuze asebenze ngokuphepha ngokuvumelana namazinga kazwelonke.Amagesi angasebenzi njenge-nitrogen (igesi eyiziro) kanye namagesi angagqwali ahlanzekile anobumsulwa obukhulu noma obulingana no-99.999% adingekayo emsebenzini wansuku zonke wokuqapha imvelo.Ukuhlolwa okungu-1 ngonyaka.Amasilinda egesi agqwala impahla ye-cylinder body kudingeka ukuthi ahlolwe njalo eminyakeni emi-2.Okwesibili, ohlelweni lokusetshenziswa nokugcinwa kwansuku zonke, isilinda segesi kufanele silungiswe kahle ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo nokuvuza okubangelwa ukulahlwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-10-2022