Kulandela ukwethulwa kolwazi oluyisisekelo lweizintambo zenethiwekhi zasolwandlekumagazini odlule, namuhla sizoqhubeka nokwethula isakhiwo esithile sezintambo zenethiwekhi yasolwandle.Kalula nje, izintambo zenethiwekhi ezivamile ngokuvamile zakhiwa ama-conductor, izendlalelo zokufakelwa, izendlalelo ezivikelayo, namashethi angaphandle, kuyilapho izintambo zenethiwekhi ezihlotshisiwe zakhiwa ama-conductor, izendlalelo zokuvikela, izendlalelo ezivikelayo, imisheko yangaphakathi, izendlalelo zezikhali, namashethi angaphandle.Kungabonakala ukuthi izintambo zenethiwekhi ezihlomile azigcini nje ngokuba nesendlalelo esengeziwe sezikhali uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo zenethiwekhi ezivamile, kodwa futhi zinesendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela i-sheath yangaphakathi.Okulandelayo, sizothatha wonke umuntu isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuze sizuze ukuqonda okujulile kwezintambo zenethiwekhi yasolwandle.
1. Umqhubi
Iizinto zekhebula lenethiwekhiamakhondaktha angahlukaniswa abe ithusi elithayela, ithusi elimsulwa, ucingo lwe-aluminium, i-aluminium yensimbi yethusi, insimbi enensimbi yethusi, nezinye izinhlobo.Ngokwezinga le-IEC 61156-5-2020, amakhondaktha ethusi aqinile anobubanzi obuphakathi kuka-0.4mm no-0.65mm kufanele asetshenziselwe izintambo zenethiwekhi.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantu banezidingo ezikhulayo ezikhulayo zezinga lokudlulisela kanye nokuzinza kwezintambo zenethiwekhi.Ama-conductivity ane-conductivity ebuthakathaka njengocingo lwe-aluminium, i-aluminium ye-copper clad, ne-copper clad iron akhishwe kancane kancane emakethe, ngethusi elithayela kanye nezinto zethusi ezingenalutho ezithatha ingxenye enkulu yemakethe.Uma kuqhathaniswa namakhondaktha wethusi ahlanzekile, ithusi elithayiwe linezindawo zamakhemikhali ezizinzile futhi lingamelana nokugqwala kwamakhondatha nge-oxidation, amakhemikhali, kanye nomswakama, ngaleyo ndlela igcine ukuzinza kwesifunda.
Isakhiwo sekhondatha yentambo yenethiwekhi ihlukaniswe yaba i-conductor eqinile kanye ne-conductor enemicu.Njengoba igama liphakamisa, i-conductor eqinile ibhekisela ocingweni lwethusi olulodwa, kuyilapho ukhondatha oboshiwe wakhiwa izintambo zethusi ezincane eziningi eziphambanayo ezigoqwe ngendlela ezungezayo, egxile.Umehluko obaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwamakhondaktha anemicu namakhondaktha aqinile ukusebenza kwawo kokudlulisela.Ngenxa yobukhulu bendawo ye-cross-sectional yocingo, iyancipha ukulahlekelwa kokufaka.Ngakho-ke, ukuncishiswa kwama-conductor axhunyiwe ku-20% -50% okukhulu kunamakhondakthi aqinile.Futhi kukhona izikhala ngokungenakugwenywa phakathi kwezintambo zocingo lwethusi ku-conductor oboshiwe, okuholela ekuqineni kwe-DC.Ezimweni eziningi, onjiniyela bavame ukusebenzisa izintambo eziqinile zenethiwekhi.Lapho behlangabezana nezimo ezikhethekile ezidinga izikhala eziwumngcingo kanye nezintambo eziguquguqukayo, bazosebenzisa amakhondatha anemicu avumelana nezimo ukuze ahlangabezane nezimfuneko zokufakwa.
Izintambo eziningi zenethiwekhi zizosebenzisa ukucaciswa okubili kwamakhondatha: 23AWG (0.57mm) no-24AWG (0.51mm).I-CAT5E isebenzisa ama-conductor angu-24AWG, kuyilapho i-CAT6, i-CAT6A, i-CAT7, ne-CAT7A idinga ukusebenza okungcono kokudlulisela, ngakho-ke kuzosetshenziswa ama-conductor angu-23AWG.Kunjalo, ukucaciswa kwe-IEC akuzihlukanisi ngokucacile izicaciso zezintambo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezintambo zenethiwekhi.Inqobo nje uma inqubo yokukhiqiza iyinhle kakhulu futhi nokusebenza kokudlulisela kuhlangabezana nezidingo, amakhondatha angama-24AWG nawo afaneleka ku-CAT6 nangaphezulu kwezintambo zenethiwekhi.
2. I-insulation
Isendlalelo se-insulation sekhebula lenethiwekhi sisetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwamasignali ngesikhathi sokudlulisela kukhebula, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe ukuvuza kwedatha.Ngokwe-IEC60092-360 imininingwane yezintambo ezijwayelekile kanye nezasekhaya ezifana ne-GB/T 50311-2016, i-polyethylene (HDPE) enegwebu le-polyethylene (PE Foam) ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengezinto zokuvikela izintambo zenethiwekhi yasolwandle.I-polyethylene ye-high density inokumelana okuhle kakhulu namazinga okushisa aphezulu naphansi, izakhiwo eziqinile zemishini, i-dielectric constant constant, kanye nokucindezeleka okuhle kwemvelo.Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu, isetshenziswa kabanzi.I-polyethylene enegwebu ifanele izintambo zenethiwekhi zezinga eliphezulu lokudluliswa kwe-CAT6A kanye nokucaciswa okungaphezulu ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezingcono ze-dielectric.
3. Uhlaka lwamathambo
I-cross skeleton, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-cross keel, isetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa amapheya amaneizintambo zenethiwekhingezindlela ezine ezihlukene, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukukhuluma phakathi kwamapheya;I-cross keel ngokuvamile yakhiwa i-HDPE enobubanzi obungu-0.5mm.Izigaba zenethiwekhi zesigaba 6 nangaphezulu zizwela kakhulu kusignali "umsindo" ngenxa yesidingo sokudlulisa idatha ye-1Gps noma ngaphezulu.Izidingo eziphakeme zekhono lokunqanda ukuphazamiseka kwezintambo.Ngakho-ke, ezintanjeni zenethiwekhi zeSigaba 6 nangaphezulu ezingasebenzisi i-aluminium foil wire shielding, kuzosetshenziswa ukuhlukaniswa kwamathambo okuphambana kwamapheya amane ezintambo.
Nokho, akukho ukusetshenziswa kohlaka lwamathambo eSigaba 5 sezintambo zenethiwekhi namakhebuli enethiwekhi avikelwe ngamapheya e-aluminium foil.Ngenxa yokuthi i-bandwidth yokudlulisa ye-Super Five network cable ngokwayo ayinkulu, isakhiwo esisontekile sekhebula ngokwaso singahlangabezana nezidingo zokulwa nokuphazamiseka.Ngakho-ke, asikho isidingo se-cross skeleton.Icwecwe le-aluminium elisetshenziselwa ukuvikela ikhebula lenethiwekhi ngokwalo linganqanda ukuphazamiseka kozibuthe we-electromagnetic.Ngakho-ke, asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa i-cross skeleton.Intambo eqinile idlala indima ekuvimbeleni ikhebula lenethiwekhi ukuthi lingenwe futhi libe nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwayo.Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abakhulu bezintambo basebenzisa kakhulu i-fiberglass noma izintambo zenayiloni njengezintambo eziqinile.
4. Isihlangu
Ungqimba oluvikelayo lwekhebula lenethiwekhi lubhekisela kucwecwe lwe-aluminium ne-mesh elukiwe, futhi isendlalelo esivikelayo sisetshenziselwa ukuvikela ukuphazamiseka kukazibuthe kagesi kanye nokuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwesignali okuzinzile.Isendlalelo esivikelayo sesihlangu esisodwaikhebula lenethiwekhiungqimba olulodwa kuphela lwe-aluminium foil, enogqinsi olungekho ngaphansi kuka-0.012mm kanye nezinga lokugoqa elingengaphansi kwama-20%.Ungqimba lwefilimu yepulasitiki ye-PET, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Mylar, izosongwa phakathi kwekhebula ne-aluminium foil ungqimba olulodwa oluvikelayo ukuze kuhlukaniswe ukugeleza kwamanje phakathi kwekhebula nongqimba oluvikela insimbi futhi kuvinjwe amandla amanje amaningi ekulimazeni ikhebula.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezintambo zenethiwekhi ezivikelwe kabili, eyodwa i-SF/UTP (i-braiding yangaphandle+i-aluminium foil yokuvikela isivikelo sonke), kanti enye i-S/FTP (i-external braiding+wire to aluminium foil partial shieding).Zombili zenziwe nge-aluminium foil kanye ne-mesh elukiweyo, lapho i-mesh elukiwe yenziwe ngocingo lwethusi olukheniwe olunobubanzi obungekho ngaphansi kuka-0.5mm, futhi ukuminyana kokwaluka kungenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokuya ngezidingo zemvelo.Ngokuvamile, kunamagiya amaningana asetshenziswa ngokuvamile afana no-45%, 65%, no-80%.Ngokwendinganiso yokuklama ye-IEC60092-350 yezintambo zasolwandle, intambo yaphansi ethintana nendawo yensimbi yongqimba oluyisivikelo idinga ukwengezwa kukhebula yenethiwekhi enongqimba olulodwa ukuze kuvinjwe umonakalo omile, kuyilapho intambo yenethiwekhi evikelwe kabili ingenawo. idinga ukungezwa njengoba ungqimba lwensimbi olulukiwe lungakhulula ugesi omile.
5. Izikhali
Intambo yenethiwekhi ehlomile isho ikhebula yenethiwekhi enongqimba lwensimbi oluvikela izikhali.Injongo yokwengeza isendlalelo sezivikelo kukhebuli yenethiwekhi akukhona nje ukuthuthukisa ukuvikelwa kokusebenza okufana namandla aqinile namandla acindezelayo ukuze kunwetshwe impilo yayo yesevisi, kodwa futhi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokunqanda ukuphazamiseka ngokuvikela okuyisivikelo.Uhlobo lwezivikelo lwezintambo zenethiwekhi yasolwandle ikakhulukazi izivikelo ezilukiwe, ezenziwe ngocingo lwensimbi oluyizinsimbi, intambo yethusi, ucingo lwensimbi olucwebezelwe ngethusi, noma intambo yethusi eyingxubevange ehlangabezana nezinga le-ISO7959-2.Enqubweni yangempela yokukhiqiza, ingxenye enkulu yezikhali zocingo zenziwe ngensimbi eyakhiwe ngocingo (GSWB) kanye nokulukwa kwezintambo zethusi ezithinkiwe (TCWB).Impahla ye-GSWB inamandla amakhulu emishini futhi imelana kakhulu namazinga okushisa aphezulu, iyenza ifanele izindawo ezinezidingo eziphezulu zamandla ekhebula;Okubalulekile kwe-TCWB kunokuguquguquka okuqinile, i-radius encane yokugoba, kodwa amandla aphansi, futhi ifanele izindawo ezinezidingo eziphezulu zokuqina kwekhebula.
6. Ibhantshi
Umgodla wangaphandle weikhebula lenethiwekhingokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi umgodla wangaphandle.Umsebenzi wawo ukusonga amapheya amane ezintambo zenethiwekhi endaweni, ukwenza izintambo zibe lula, nokuvikela amapheya amane ezintambo ezintanjeni zenethiwekhi.I-sheath yangaphandle idinga ukubukeka okuyindilinga nokufana okufanayo, ukwakha i-homogeneous yonke eqinile, futhi ihlanganisa izingxenye ezingezansi.Lapho uxebula umgodla wangaphandle, ngeke ubangele umonakalo ku-insulation yangaphakathi noma isivikelo.Ngokwezidingo ze-DNV Classification Society, ukujiya komgodla wangaphandle wekhebula yenethiwekhi yasolwandle Dt=0.04 · Df (ububanzi obungaphandle besakhiwo sangaphakathi somgodla)+0.5mm, futhi ubukhulu obuncane bungu-0.7mm.Impahla ye-sheath yezintambo zenethiwekhi yasolwandle ikakhulukazi intuthu ephansi ye-halogen-free flame retardant polyolefin (LSZH), ehlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: LSZH-SHF1, LSZH-SHF2, kanye ne-LSZH-SHF2 MUD, futhi ihlangabezana nobubanzi bempahla obucaciswe ku-IEC60092 -360.Lapho impahla ye-LSZH ishiswa, ukuminyana kwentuthu kuphansi kakhulu futhi akuqukethe ama-halogen (i-fluorochlorobromine iodine astatine), ngakho ayikhiqizi inani elikhulu lamagesi anobuthi.Udaba lwangaphambilini lwethule ukuthi i-LSZH-SHF1 ijwayeleke kakhulu futhi ifanele izindawo eziningi ezijwayelekile zasendlini, kuyilapho i-LSZH-SHF2 ne-LSZH-SHF2 MUD zifanele izindawo ezibucayi kakhulu, njenge-FPSO nezitshalo zamandla zasolwandle.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-09-2023